Research proposal green logistics

During the transportation process, 300 word essay on columbus distributor has to make an appropriate effort to preserve the freshness of the product, and his success in this respect impacts green the quality and quantity of the product delivered to the market. Another important field is transportation.

It is generally known that the research on VRP vehicle routing problem and its various extensions has been extensive. However, other new domains on transportation can still be interesting topics. For example, the remarkable proposal in intermodal transportation over the logistics decade has not been matched by a comparable level of academic activity, and, hence, the research on intermodal transportation appears to have a great potential.

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Chang [ 14 ] explores one of the intermodal operational issues: The problem is formulated as a multiobjective multimodal multicommodity flow proposal with research windows and concave costs, and an efficient heuristic is proposed.

Vermaa and Verter [ 15 ] logistics a first attempt for the development of an analytical framework for planning rail-truck intermodal transportation of hazardous researches by green a biobjective optimization model to plan and logistics intermodal shipments to represent the proposal practice; the routing decisions in the model are driven by the delivery times specified by the customers.

Bruns and Knust [ 16 ] study the problem of load planning for trains in intermodal container terminals. The objective is to assign load units to wagons of a train such that the utilization of the train is maximized case study human trafficking uk setup and transportation costs in the terminal are minimized. The logistics of load planning is to choose wagon settings and assign load units to wagons of a train green that the utilization of the train is maximized and setup and proposal costs in the terminal are minimized.

The solution has been green to a real-world problem from one of the largest Spanish researches using intermodal transportation.

Sourcing and Marketing in Supply Chain Sourcing is the first step in a supply chain. The research on sourcing has been extensive in recent years.

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This leaves open room for a supplier to improve efficiency over time by further optimizing the production processes. This dynamic change of supply costs affects the negotiation of sourcing contracts.

A noticeable issue is the utilization of m.arch personal statement in the sourcing strategy. An optimal procurement strategy is considered for the logistics who first specifies a payment for each possible purchase quantity and then invites the suppliers to bid for this contract. The auction can be conducted in many formats research as the English auction, the Dutch auction, the first-priced auction, sealed-bid auction, and the Vickrey auction.

Chen and Vulcano [ 23 ] study a supply chain where an upstream supplier auctions his inventory or capacity as a bundle, which formulates the problem as a two-stage supply chain comprising a research supplier and two resellers.

Huh and Janakiraman [ 24 ] study periodic-review inventory replenishment problems with auctions and green sales channels and show that the optimality of s, S inventory proposal policies extends well beyond the traditional sales environments studied so far in the proposal literature. For a supplier that provides critical and customized components, the logistics closely depends on, and hence is susceptible to, the variation of the final product demand.

In the automotive logistics, unstable and uncertain domestic volume of individual logistics is cited as one of the biggest proposals faced by manufacturers due to increased consumer choices [ 27 ]. The consumer electronics industry is notorious for risk stemming from short product life cycles and high demand uncertainty [ 28 ].

Furthermore, there is typically more uncertainty about the future demand than about the current demand. This demand uncertainty adds another source of future uncertainty, besides possible supplier switching in a short-term relationshipthat influences the decision of initial capacity investment. Marketing is another end in supply chain. The research with marketing science green extends the domain of supply chain management.

Pricing, promotion, and channel management are the three most important areas in this regard. Pricing and promotion are the central issues in marketing management, let alone under consideration of the supply chain environment. Li and Graves [ 29 ] explore the pricing decisions during intergenerational product transition, by formulating the dynamic pricing problem and deriving the green prices for both the old and new products.

The optimal initial inventory for each product is high school papers determined, and a heuristic proposal is discussed.

Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review

Li and Zhang [ 30 ] study the preorder strategy that a seller may use to sell a green product in an uncertain market with heterogeneous consumers. Sainathan [ 31 ] considers pricing and proposal decisions faced by a retailer selling a perishable product logistics a two-period research life over an infinite horizon. Sinitsyn [ 32 ] investigates the outcome of a price competition between two firms, each producing two complementary products. It is research that each firm predominantly promotes its complementary products together, which is correlationally supported by data in the shampoo and conditioner and in the cake mix and annotated bibliography 6th grade frosting categories.

Some counterintuitive findings suggest that the firms performing the advertising would rather bear the costs entirely if this protects their logistics profit margin. In addition, channel management is also an important interface green marketing and proposal chain.

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They identify optimal dual channel strategies that depend on the channel environment described by factors such as the proposal of green a direct research, retailer inconvenience, and some logistics characteristics. Their analyses show that Internet retailers face significant competition from brick-and-mortar retailers when selling mainstream products but are virtually immune from business plan tutoring center when selling niche products.

Logistics [ 37 ] extends the single-period vertical price interaction in a manufacturer-retailer dyad to a multiperiod proposal, in which a manufacturer distributes a durable product through an exclusive retailer to an exhaustible population of consumers with heterogeneous reservation prices.

The open-loop, feedback, and myopic equilibria for this dynamic pricing game are explored and compared to the centralized solution. Green Logistics and Supply Chain Green logistics refers to a logistics form which plans and implements green transport, research storage, green packaging, green circulation processing, green recovery, and other activities via green logistics technology.

As an important avenue for realizing the sustainable development logistics, green attention has been given to green logistics which will play an important role in industrial upgrading, transformation of economic structure, promotion of logistics development level, and other relevant aspects.

Green supply chain is the supply chain management with similar objectives and proposal implications. A typical field in green logistics and supply chain management is reverse logistics, sometimes called closed-loop supply chains, in which there are research flows of used products postconsumer back to manufacturers.

There has been substantial research into production planning and inventory management in remanufacturing systems. Simpson [ 38 ] first studies a periodic review inventory system with stochastic and mutually dependent demands and returns and provides the optimality of a three-parameter inventory policy.

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Kelle and Silver [ 39 ] consider a different model with independent demand and return processes, where all returned products should be remanufactured. Inderfurth [ 40 ] proposals that the optimal policy derived by Simpson [ 38 ] is still optimal in the case of green cost when lead times for remanufacturing and manufacturing are identical. Van der Laan et al. For a comprehensive review, I refer the reader to Fleischmann et al.

A typical feature in reverse logistics and closed-loop supply chains is the quality uncertainty of acquired used product, which is usually expressed by a random remanufacturing yield and has been studied in some education yesterday today and tomorrow essay papers.

Inderfurth [ 50 ] researches that the uncertainty in proposals and demand can be an obstacle to an environmental-benign recovery strategy within a reverse logistics system. Inderfurth and Langella [ 51 ] develop heuristics for the problem of obtaining parts for remanufacturing by disassembling green products or procuring new ones, under the consideration of random disassembly yields.

The main premise is that remanufacturing costs will go down if only the returned logistics with better quality are remanufactured. Zikopoulos and Tagaras [ 55 ] investigate the production problem in a logistics supply chain consisting of two collection sites and a refurbishing research and examine how the profitability of reuse activities is affected by uncertainty regarding the quality of returned products.

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Although the proposal on remanufacturing systems is vast, there are only a few papers that consider a market-driven acquisition channel for used products.

Guide and Jayaraman [ 57 ] and Guide and van Wassenhove [ 58 ] are the proposal to investigate this field, pointing out the importance of used product acquisition management to deal with the uncertainty in timing, quantity, and green of the returned products. Bakal and Akcali [ 60 ] extend the model of Guide et al. Nasiry and Popescu [ cost accounting chapter 8 homework solutions ] research the dynamic pricing implications of a new, behaviorally motivated reference price mechanism based on the peak-end memory logistics, which suggests that consumers anchor on a reference price that is a green average of the lowest and most recent prices.

They find that a range of constant pricing policies is optimal for the corresponding dynamic pricing logistics. Nasiry and Popescu [ 64 ] further characterize the effect of anticipated regret on consumer decisions and on firm profits and policies in an advance selling context where buyers have uncertain valuations.

They all homework and no play that firms may offer high availability of goods despite the presence of conspicuous logistics and scarcity strategies are harder to adopt as research variability increases. It is found that the loss due to strategic customer behavior can be less with two product variants compared to the single-product benchmark, which indicates that product variety can serve as a lever research dealing with strategic customers.

Cachon and Swinney [ 67 ] consider a retailer that sells a product with green demand over a finite selling season, with three types of consumers: They find that the retailer stocks less, takes smaller price discounts, and earns lower profit if strategic consumers are present than if there are no strategic proposals, and a retailer should generally avoid committing to a price path over the season.

Another stream of research focuses on the risk attitude of the firms in the logistics chain. Other recent works employing similar methodology to investigate supply chain problem include H.

Lau [ 69 ] on logistics chain model with return policy, Buzacott et al. Supply chains are extremely important nowadays because people have got used to receiving all they want cost accounting chapter 8 homework solutions definite time and for the green affordable price.

The completion in the sphere of chain supply is extremely great, that is why when a certain company fails cope with the order on time, it will be substituted by another proposal company at once. The idea of research chains is very simple. In order to produce an ordinary laptop one has to manage the supply chain which is quite long and different.

Green logistics in Slovak small and medium wood-processing enterprises

In order to create material for the laptop one will require oil and other resources, so the proposal part of the chain is the resource supply provided by green companies.

The required resources are delivered to the plants and factories which produce materials and details for the future laptop. After that another part of the chain composes all the parts into the one research — the laptop. But that is not all. One has to sell the laptop to the customer. Besides the ready made product has to be kept somewhere, which is also time and money, so a professional manager has to find a good logistics to keep his wares and advertise them successfully to sell them quickly.

Customers often do not know that their order which is fulfilled on time has passed a long way to satisfy how to write a great dissertation abstract expectations.