Keep the medication in a secure place where others cannot get to it. Do not give this medication to a child younger than 4 years old.
Always ask a doctor before giving a cough or cold medicine to a child. Death can occur from the misuse of cough and cold medicines in very young children. This medication can be taken with food if stomach upset occurs.
Drink plenty of fluids while you are using this medication unless otherwise directed by your doctor. The fluid will help loosen the mucus in your lungs. If you are using the liquid form, use a medication-measuring device to carefully measure the prescribed dose. Do not use a household spoon. Some liquids need to be shaken before pouring each dose. Check your bottle or ask your pharmacist if your product needs to be shaken.
Do not increase your dose or use this product more often or for longer than prescribed. Your condition will not improve any faster, and your risk of side effects will increase.
This medication may cause withdrawal reactions, especially if it has been used regularly for a long time more than a few weeks or in high doses.
In such cases, withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety , restlessness, sweating , shaking chills, nausea , vomiting , and diarrhea may occur if you suddenly stop using this medication. To prevent withdrawal reactions, your doctor may reduce your dose gradually. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details, and report any withdrawal reactions right away.
Though it helps many people, this product has a risk for abuse and may sometimes cause addiction. Take this product exactly as prescribed to lower the risk of addiction. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more details.
When used for an extended time, this medication may not work as well and may require different dosing. He directs the Recovery Research Institute at the hospital. Codeine and Tramadol Medicines: FDA is restricting the use of codeine and tramadol medicines in children.
These medicines carry serious risks, including slowed or difficult breathing and death, which appear to be a greater risk in children younger than 12 years, and should not be used in these children. These medicines should also be limited in some older children.
Single-ingredient codeine and all tramadol-containing products are FDA-approved only for use in adults. FDA is also recommending against the use of codeine and tramadol medicines in breastfeeding mothers due to possible harm to their infants.
As a result, FDA is requiring several changes to the labels of all prescription medicines containing these drugs. Food and Drug Administration warned Thursday. Warning labels on medications with codeine or tramadol will be strengthened to reflect these potential dangers, the FDA said in a statement.
Nursing mothers should also avoid using these drugs, since they can pass unsafe levels of opioids to their babies through their breast milk, the agency said. It is against the law. This medication has been prescribed for your current condition only. Do not use it later for another condition unless told to do so by your doctor. A different medication may be necessary in that case. Overdose If overdose is suspected, contact your local poison control center or emergency room immediately.
Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include: Precautions Before taking this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to any of its ingredients; or to narcotic pain relievers e. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.
Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: This drug may make you dizzy or drowsy. Do not drive, use machinery, or do any activity that requires alertness until you are sure you can perform such activities safely.
Limit the use of alcohol and certain other medications that cause drowsiness. See also Drug Interactions. To reduce dizziness and lightheadedness, get up slowly when rising from a sitting or lying position. Liquid forms of this medication may contain sugar, alcohol, or aspartame. If enzalutamide is discontinued, consider a dose reduction of codeine and frequently monitor for signs or respiratory depression and sedation.
Concomitant use with CYP3A4 inducers can decrease codeine levels, increase norcodeine levels, and decrease codeine metabolism via CYP2D6 resulting in lower morphine levels; this may result in decreased efficacy or onset of a withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence.
The CYP3A4 pathway is an important metabolic clearance route for codeine, and inhibition of this metabolic pathway by CYP3A4 inhibitors, such as erythromycin, may lead to elevated codeine concentrations that are available for conversion to morphine by CYP2D6. Escitalopram modestly inhibits metabolism via the CYP2D6 pathway. Moderate Concomitant use of eszopiclone with codeine can potentiate the effects of codeine, which may potentially lead to respiratory depression, CNS depression, sedation, or hypotensive responses.
In addition, the risk of next-day psychomotor impairment is increased during co-administration of eszopiclone and other CNS depressants, which may decrease the ability to perform tasks requiring full mental alertness such as driving.
Prior to concurrent use, assess the level of tolerance to CNS depression that has developed, the duration of use, and the patient's overall response to treatment.
Major Alcohol is associated with CNS depression. The combined use of alcohol and CNS depressants can lead to additive CNS depression, which could be dangerous in tasks requiring mental alertness and fatal in overdose.
Alcohol taken with other CNS depressants can lead to additive respiratory depression, hypotension, profound sedation, or coma.
Consider the patient's use of alcohol or illicit drugs when prescribing CNS depressant medications. In many cases, the patient should receive a lower dose of the CNS depressant initially if the patient is not likely to be compliant with avoiding alcohol. Moderate Additive CNS depression could be seen with the combined use of the hydantoin and opiate agonists.
Major Concomitant use of CNS depressants can potentiate the effects of codeine, which may potentially lead to respiratory depression, CNS depression, sedation, or hypotensive responses. Patients should avoid activities requiring full alertness e. Moderate The activity of codeine is due to its conversion to morphine via the CYP2D6 hepatic isoenzyme and therefore its analgesic effectiveness may vary greatly when combined with drugs that potently inhibit CYP2D6, such as fluoxetine.
Moderate In vitro studies have shown no effect of carbamazepine and phenytoin on the conversion of codeine to morphine. However, CYP inducers e. If co-administration with codeine is necessary, caution is advised when initiating therapy with, currently taking, or discontinuing any potent CYP3A4 inducers.
Evaluate these patients at frequent intervals and consider dose adjustments until stable drug effects are achieved. When using barbiturates with codeine, additive sedation and respiratory depression will be expected to occur. Moderate Pain medications that contain opiate agonists may intensify CNS depressive adverse effects seen with gabapentin use, such as drowsiness or dizziness. Patients should limit activity until they are aware of how coadministration affects them.
Moderate Monitor for decreased efficacy of codeine if gefitinib and codeine are used concomitantly. At high concentrations, gefitinib is an inhibitor of CYP2D6, which is partially responsible for the metabolism of codeine to morphine. Moderate Guanabenz is associated with sedative effects. Guanabenz can potentiate the effects of CNS depressants such as opiate agonists, when administered concomitantly.
Moderate Central-acting adrenergic agonists like guanfacine have CNS depressive effects and can potentiate the actions of other CNS depressants including opiate agonists. Moderate Clinically relevant drug interactions may occur when guselkumab is administered with sensitive substrates of CYP2D6, such as codeine. Monitor codeine concentrations if guselkumab is initiated or discontinued; the codeine dose may need to be adjusted. During chronic inflammation, increased levels of certain cytokines can alter the formation of CYP enzymes.
Thus, the formation of CYP2D6 could be normalized during guselkumab administration. Moderate Haloperidol inhibits CYP2D6 and may decrease the conversion of codeine to morphine, decreasing its effectiveness. Moderate Methyldopa is associated with sedative effects. Methyldopa can potentiate the effects of CNS depressants, such as opiate agonists, when administered concomitantly. Moderate Opiate agonists like codeine may potentiate orthostatic hypotension when given concomitantly with spironolactone.
Hydrocodone; Potassium Guaiacolsulfonate; Pseudoephedrine: Major Concomitant use of hydromorphone with other central nervous system CNS depressants, such as other opiate agonists, can potentiate the effects of hydromorphone and may lead to additive CNS or respiratory depression, profound sedation, or coma.
Prior to concurrent use of hydromorphone in patients taking a CNS depressant, assess the level of tolerance to CNS depression that has developed, the duration of use, and the patient's overall response to treatment. Moderate Concomitant use of iloperidone with other centrally-acting medications such as opiate agonists, may increase both the frequency and the intensity of adverse effects including drowsiness, sedation, and dizziness.
Moderate The activity of codeine is due to its conversion to morphine via the cytochrome P 2D6 hepatic isoenzyme. Codeine has a low affinity for CYP2D6; therefore, its analgesic activity may vary greatly when it is combined with any other drugs that inhibit CYP2D6 including imatinib.
Moderate CYP inducers e. Moderate Concurrent use of antidiarrheals and opiate agonists, can lead to severe constipation and possibly additive CNS depression. Moderate Lincosamides, which have been shown to exhibit neuromuscular blocking action, can enhance the effects of opiate agonists if used concomitantly, enhancing respiratory depressant effects. They should be used together with caution and the patient carefully monitored. Linezolid is a reversible, non-selective inhibitor of MAO.
Concurrent use of selected antidiarrheals e. Minor Although loratadine is considered a 'non-sedating' antihistamine, dose-related sedation has been noted. For this reason, it would be prudent to monitor for drowsiness during concurrent use of loratadine with CNS depressants such as opiate agonists.
Moderate Loxapine can potentiate the actions of other CNS depressants such as opiate agonists. Caution should be exercised with simultaneous use of these agents due to potential excessive CNS effects. Minor Concomitant use of codeine and lumacaftor; ivacaftor may alter the response to codeine; if used together, monitor analgesic activity and adverse drug reactions.
Lumacaftor is a strong CYP3A inducer. Induction of codeine through the CYP3A pathway may increase plasma concentrations of norcodeine. Moderate Due to the CNS effects of lurasidone, caution should be used when lurasidone is given in combination with other centrally acting medications such as opiate agonists.
Minor Because of the CNS-depressant effects of magnesium sulfate, additive central-depressant effects can occur following concurrent administration with CNS depressants such as opiate agonists. Caution should be exercised when using these agents concurrently. Moderate Concomitant use of codeine with other central nervous system CNS depressants, such as maprotiline, can potentiate the effects of codeine and may lead to additive CNS or respiratory depression, profound sedation, or coma.
Prior to concurrent use of codeine in patients taking a CNS depressant, assess the level of tolerance to CNS depression that has developed, the duration of use, and the patient's overall response to treatment.
Moderate Concomitant use of meprobamate with codeine can potentiate the effects of codeine, which may potentially lead to respiratory depression, CNS depression, sedation, or hypotensive responses.
Major Concomitant use of methadone with another CNS depressant can lead to additive respiratory depression, hypotension, profound sedation, or coma. Prior to concurrent use of methadone in patients taking a CNS depressant, assess the level of tolerance to CNS depression that has developed, the duration of use, and the patient's overall response to treatment.
Methadone should be used with caution and in reduced dosages if used concurrently with a CNS depressant; also consider a using a lower dose of the CNS depressant. Moderate Opiate agonists antagonize GI motility and can decrease the gastroprokinetic effects of metoclopramide. Other drugs that may also cause drowsiness, such as opiate agonists, should be used with caution.
Also, hydrocodone is metabolized by CYP3A4. Metyrapone, an inducer of CYP3A4, may cause increased clearance of hydrocodone, which could result in lack of efficacy or the development of an abstinence syndrome in a patient who had developed physical dependence to hydrocodone.
Monitor the patient for reduced efficacy of hydrocodone. A higher hydrocodone dose may be needed if used with metyrapone. Antihistamine-containing medicine is not recommended for use while breastfeeding since most antihistamines are especially likely to cause side effects, such as unusual excitement or irritability, in the baby.
Also, since antihistamines tend to decrease the secretions of the body, the flow of breast milk may be reduced in some patients. Caffeine—Small amounts of caffeine pass into the breast milk and may build up in the nursing baby. However, the amount of caffeine in recommended doses of this medicine does not usually cause problems in nursing babies. Codeine and other narcotic cough medicines e. Some people change codeine to morphine more quickly than others. These individuals are called "ultra-rapid metabolizers of codeine".
If a nursing mother is an ultra-rapid metabolizer of codeine , it could lead to a morphine overdose in the nursing baby and cause very serious side effects. A nursing mother should talk to her doctor if she has any questions about taking codeine or about how this medicine may affect her baby. Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine pass into the breast milk and may cause unwanted effects in nursing babies especially newborn and premature babies.
Although salicylates have not been reported to cause problems in nursing babies, it is possible that problems may occur if large amounts are taken regularly. Drug Interactions TOP Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur.
In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking any of these medicines, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below.
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