It is an antibiotic drug prescribed for leprosy and skin infections either alone or in combination with other medicines. Dapsone is also indicated for the treatment and prevention of Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with weak immune system. The topical form of the drug is recommended for acne, dermatitis herpetiformis, and certain other skin problems.
It comes under the WHO list of important medicines that are required in a basic health system. Dapsone general information What is Dapsone used for? Dapsone mg is an antibacterial medication, which is used to treat leprosy a contagious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae and to help control a skin condition called dermatitis herpetiformis a long term blistering skin condition.
How does Dapsone work? Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: This may require special treatment, so tell your doctor immediately if these symptoms occur. This drug may make you dizzy. Do not drive, use machinery, or do any activity that requires alertness until you are sure you can perform such activities safely.
During pregnancy , this medication should be used only when clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor. This medication passes into breast milk and may have undesirable effects on a nursing infant. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding. Your doctor or pharmacist may already be aware of any possible drug interactions and may be monitoring you for them. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicine before checking with your doctor or pharmacist first.
Although most antibiotics probably do not affect hormonal birth control such as pills, patch, or ring, some antibiotics may decrease their effectiveness. This could cause pregnancy. Examples include rifamycins such as rifampin or rifabutin. Be sure to ask your doctor or pharmacist if you should use additional reliable birth control methods while using this antibiotic. This document does not contain all possible interactions. Therefore, before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all the products you use.
Keep a list of all your medications with you, and share the list with your doctor and pharmacist. If overdose is suspected, contact a poison control center or emergency room immediately. US residents can call their local poison control center at Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include: Do not share this medication with others. Consult your doctor for more details. Methemoglobin induced depression, convulsions or severe cyanosis requires prompt treatment.
The effect is complete in 30 minutes, but may have to be repeated if methemoglobin reaccumulates. The dosage should be individually titrated starting in adults with 50 mg daily and correspondingly smaller doses in children. If full control is not achieved within the range of 50 to mg daily, higher doses may be tried.
Dosage should be reduced to a minimum maintenance level as soon as possible. In responsive patients there is a prompt reduction in pruritus followed by clearance of skin lesions. There is no effect on the gastrointestinal component of the disease. Dapsone levels are influenced by acetylation rates. Patients with high acetylation rates, or who are receiving treatment affecting acetylation may require an adjustment in dosage.
In the multidrug program Dapsone should be maintained at the full dosage of mg daily without interruption with corresponding smaller doses for children and provided to all patients who have sensitive organisms with new or recrudescent disease or who have not yet completed a two year course of Dapsone monotherapy.
Before using other drugs consult appropriate product labeling. In bacteriologically negative tuberculoid and indeterminate disease, the recommendation is the coadministration of Dapsone mg daily with six months of Rifampin mg daily. The Dapsone is continued until all signs of clinical activity are controlled - usually after an additional six months. Then Dapsone should be continued for an additional three years for tuberculoid and indeterminate patients and for five years for borderline tuberculoid patients.
In lepromatous and borderline lepromatous patients, the recommendation is the co-administration of Dapsone mg daily with two years of Rifampin mg daily. One may elect the concurrent administration of a third anti-leprosy drug, usually either Clofazamine 50 to mg daily or Ethionamide to mg daily. Dapsone mg daily is continued 3 to10 years until all signs of clinical activity are controlled with skin scrapings and biopsies negative for one year.
Dapsone should then be continued for an additional 10 years for borderline patients and for life for lepromatous patients. Secondary Dapsone resistance should be suspected whenever a lepromatous or borderline lepromatous patient receiving Dapsone treatment relapses clinically and bacteriologically, solid staining bacilli being found in the smears taken from the new active lesions.
If such cases show no response to regular and supervised Dapsone therapy within three to six months or good compliance for the past 3 to 6 months can be assured, Dapsone resistance should be considered confirmed clinically. Determination of drug sensitivity using the mouse footpad method is recommended and, after prior arrangement, is available without charge from the USPHS, Carville, LA.
Patients with proven Dapsone resistance should be treated with other drugs. The majority can be classified into two groups. The mechanism is presumed to result from a reduction in the antigenic load: If severe, or if neuritis is present, large doses of steroids should always be used.
If severe, the patient should be hospitalized. In general anti-leprosy treatment is continued and therapy to suppress the reaction is indicated such as analgesics, steroids, or surgical decompression of swollen nerve trunks. Erythema nodosum leprosum ENL lepromatous reaction Type 2 reaction occurs mainly in lepromatous patients and small numbers of borderline patients.
The principal clinical features are fever and tender erythematous skin nodules sometimes associated with malaise, neuritis, orchitis, albuminuria, joint swelling, iritis, epistaxis or depression.
Histologically there is a vasculitis with an intense polymorphonuclear infiltrate. Elevated circulating immune complexes are considered to be the mechanism of reaction.
If severe, patients should be hospitalized.
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